Editing Community Organizing (section)

=== Understanding Motivations for Contribution ===

Enjoyment-based intrinsic motivation, namely how creative a person feels when working on the project, is the strongest and most pervasive driver. The contributor need for intellectual stimulation derived from practicing their craft, and improving skills are top motivators for project participation.

* '''Altruism''' is an intrinsic motivation in which one seeks to increase the welfare of others. It is the personal disposition at the opposite pole from welfare of others. It is the personal disposition at the opposite pole from selfishness—doing.
* '''Community Identification''' is a variant of altruism corresponds to Maslow’s needs for belonging and love. A particpant may identify themselves as members of the community. If successful, this can establish obligation/community based intrinsic motivations.
* '''Future Rewards''' A participant may view participation as an investment from which they will obtain future returns.
* '''Self-Marketing''' Participants may regard working for the projects as an effective way to demonstrate their capabilities and skills. Their achievements in way to demonstrate their capabilities and skills. Their achievements in open-source projects can be used to reinforce their.
* '''Peer Recognition''' Peer recognition derives from the desire for fame and esteem, which is also associated with Future Rewards and Community Identification.
* '''Personal Needs''' As the history of open-source software shows, open-source projects are often initiated because a programmer has a personal need for a certain kind of initiated because a programmer has a personal need for a certain kind of software.
* '''Ideology, Morality &amp; Values''' Related to Community Identification. Ideology, Morality &amp; Values motivates people to act, social movements that confront the establishment of the software industry on ideological grounds. See Moody’s “Rebel Code” (2001). Virtues like honesty, truthfulness, trustworthiness, justice, courage, loyalty, benevolence, should be embedded &amp; exemplified. Self-identification with the ideology, morality &amp; values become the basis for establishing extended kinship ties - ultimately leading to community identification, which in turns acts as a driver to participate in community projects.

For example, the ideology of the free software movement continues to be one of the factors which mobilize people to contribute to free and open source software development.
Read “Character Strengths &amp; Virtue Ethics”

* '''Compensation''' A long-term contributor may receive compensation, this motives cover desires for social rewards such as money, power, authority, good reputation and job stability. A minority of contributors are paid to participate in F/OSS projects, according to “Why Hackers Do What They Do”, 87% of all respondents reported receiving no direct payments from the core foundation, if this is not the case, it represents a failure.

Individuals may join for a variety of reasons, and no one reason tends to dominate the community or cause people to make distinct choices in beliefs. These findings are consistent with collective action research, where group heterogeneity (in motivations) is considered an important trait of successful movements (Marwell and Oliver 1993).

The significant determinants of hours per week dedicated to projects were (in order of magnitude of impact): - enjoyment-related intrinsic motivations in the form of a sense of creativity. - extrinsic motivations in form of payment. - obligation/community-related intrinsic motivations.

The effort expended is substantial. As a performance indicator benchmark, individuals should on average contribute 14 hours per week.

All processes and strategies should clearly define how they contribute to (and increase) motivations.

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